Recognition of Glaucomatous Fundus Images Using Machine Learning Methods Based on Optic Nerve Head Topographic Features

Abstract

Précis: Machine learning classifiers are an effective approach to detecting glaucomatous fundus images based on optic disc topographic features making it a straightforward and effective approach. Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: The aim was to compare the effectiveness of clinical discriminant rules and machine learning classifiers in identifying glaucomatous fundus images based on optic disc topographic features. Methods: The study used a total of 800 fundus images, half of which were glaucomatous cases and the other half non-glaucomatous cases obtained from an open database and clinical work. The images were randomly divided into training and testing sets with equal numbers of glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous images. An ophthalmologist framed the edge of the optic cup and disc, and the program calculated five features, including the vertical cup-to-disc ratio and the width of the optic rim in four quadrants in pixels, used to create machine learning classifiers. The discriminative ability of these classifiers was compared with clinical discriminant rules. Results: The machine learning classifiers outperformed clinical discriminant rules, with the extreme gradient boosting method showing the best performance in identifying glaucomatous fundus images. Decision tree analysis revealed that the cup-to-disc ratio was the most important feature for identifying glaucoma fundus images. At the same time, the temporal width of the optic rim was the least important feature. Conclusions: Machine learning classifiers are an effective approach to detecting glaucomatous fundus images based on optic disc topographic features and integration with an automated program for framing and calculating the required parameters would make it a straightforward and effective approach.