Risk Factors Associated With a Large Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio: Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Abstract

Précis: Higher intraocular pressure, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher serum aspartate transaminase to alanine aminotransaminase level were risk factors associated with a large vertical cup-to-disk ratio (vCDR). Purpose: To identify risk factors for a large vCDR using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008–2012). Materials and Methods: Out of the total 29,322 participants aged 20 or older who participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KHANES) from the year 2008 to 2012, this study was conducted on 21,780 participants, excluding 1449 of them without fundus photographs and 6093 of them with missing values. To identify the risk factors associated with a large vCDR, the participants were divided into 2 groups: ≥0.6 and <0.6. Results: Of the 21,780 subjects, 2357 of them had a vCDR ≥0.6 and 19,423 had a vCDR <0.6. There were significant differences in age, sex, and educational levels between the 2 groups. After adjusting age, sex, education level, and survey year by propensity score matching, in the group having vCDR ≥0.6, intraocular pressure (IOP) was high, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was high, and serum aspartate transaminase to alanine aminotransaminase level (AST/ALT ratio) was high (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.001). The results of multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that high IOP, high SBP, high myopia, and high AST/ALT ratio were risk factors for vCDR ≥0.6 (P<0.001, P=0.006, P=0.005, P<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, risk factors associated with large vCDR were analyzed. Higher IOP, higher SBP, and higher AST/ALT ratio were related to vCDR ≥0.6.