Optical Coherence Tomography–Derived Measurements of the Optic Nerve Head Structure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children

Abstract

Précis: This study demonstrated significant differences in optic nerve head characteristics in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children compared with non-Indigenous children, which has implications for glaucoma risk and diagnosis in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics of visually normal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and non-Indigenous Australian children. Materials and Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging was performed on the right eye of 95 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and 149 non-Indigenous Australian children (5–18 years). Horizontal and vertical line scans, centered on the ONH, were analyzed to determine the dimensions of the ONH (Bruch membrane opening diameter), optic cup diameter, Bruch membrane opening minimum rim width, and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Results: The vertical but not horizontal Bruch membrane opening diameter of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children was significantly larger than non-Indigenous children (mean difference: 0.09 mm, P = 0.001). The horizontal (mean difference: 0.12 mm, P = 0.003) and vertical cup diameter (mean difference: 0.16 mm, P < 0.001) were also significantly larger in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, as were the horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios (both P < 0.01). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children also had a significantly thinner Bruch membrane opening minimum rim width in the superior, nasal, and temporal meridians (all P < 0.001). Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Differences exist in the ONH structure between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and non-Indigenous children, which may have implications for the detection and monitoring of ocular disease in this population and highlights the need to extend this research to the adult population.