Eye Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing

Author:

Chang Chih-Chiun1,Saifee Murtaza2,Ton Lauren1,Ashraf Davin3,Winn Bryan J.24,Kersten Robert24,Vagefi M. Reza24,Deiner Michael25,Grob Seanna R.24

Affiliation:

1. University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

3. Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.

4. Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

5. F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate and compare eye and face trauma in mixed martial arts (MMA) and boxing. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data from boxing and MMA competitions were extracted from the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) between 2000 and 2020. Details of competitions, contestants, outcomes, and injuries were extracted. Results: In total 1539 boxing injuries (from 4313 contests) and 1442 MMA injuries (from 2704 contests) were identified. Boxing had higher eye injury rates compared to MMA (p < 0.0001), with an odds ratio of 1.268 (95% CI, 1.114–1.444). Eye trauma represented 47.63% of boxing injuries and 25.59% of MMA injuries, with periocular lacerations being the most common eye injury in both. Orbital fractures represented 17.62% of eye injuries in MMA and 3.14% in boxing contests. However, 2%–3% were retinal in both sports, and 3.27% were glaucomatous in boxing. MMA contestants had an odds ratio of 1.823 (95% CI, 1.408–2.359) for requiring physician evaluation following an eye injury compared with boxing. MMA contestants also had a higher rate of face (p < 0.0001) and body (p < 0.0001) injuries. For both sports, an increased number of rounds and being the losing fighter were associated with increased odds of eye and face injury. Conclusion: Although boxing has a higher rate of eye injuries, MMA eye injuries are more likely to require physician evaluation. MMA contestants also have a higher rate of orbital fractures and face and body trauma. A detailed postfight examination and long-term follow-up of ocular injury in combat sports will be vital in proposing reforms to prevent eye trauma.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Ophthalmology,General Medicine,Surgery

Reference19 articles.

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2. Eye trauma in boxing.;Corrales;Clin Sports Med,2009

3. Retinal injury and detachment in boxers.;Maguire;JAMA,1986

4. The ocular complications of boxing.;Giovinazzo;Ophthalmology,1987

5. Ocular complications of boxing.;Bianco;Br J Sports Med,2005

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