Hemorrhage Following Muller’s Muscle Conjunctival Resection: Description and Case-Control Study

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a series of patients with postoperative hemorrhage after Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection surgery and compare risk factors and outcomes with a control population. Methods: In this case-control study, records of patients who underwent Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection over 5 years were reviewed for a history of postoperative hemorrhage occurring >24 hours after surgery. A 4:1 control population was matched for age and sex. Clinical data collected included demographics, medical history, medications, and subsequent surgery. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative marginal reflex distance 1 were measured digitally using ImageJ. The hemorrhage and control groups were compared using Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and independent samples t tests for continuous variables. Results: The hemorrhage group contained 10 patients (mean age 66.4 ± 18.5 years). The control group consisted of 40 age and sex-matched controls. Of 350 charts reviewed, there were 10 cases of postoperative hemorrhage (incidence 2.9%). Hemorrhage occurred a mean of 4.2 ± 1.3 (range 2–7) days after surgery and lasted for a mean of 29.3 ± 19.1 (range 12–72) hours. In all 10 cases, the bleeding resolved with conservative measures. There was no difference between the hemorrhage and control groups in terms of medical conditions, blood thinners, and surgical revision. Preoperative, postoperative, and change in marginal reflex distance 1 did not differ between the hemorrhage and control groups. Conclusions: Hemorrhage occurs approximately 4–5 days postoperatively in a small percentage of patients undergoing Muller’s muscle conjunctival resection surgery. This investigation did not identify any consistent risk factors, and outcomes in this patient population appear no different than controls.