Peritoneography in the Assessment of Peritoneal Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption Potential for Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter Placement: Technical Case Report

Abstract

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure has been associated with absorption failure secondary to previous peritonitis. This assumption has caused surgeons to seek alternate sites for distal catheter placement. We propose that the absorptive potential of the peritoneal cavity should be assessed before that site is discounted for catheter placement. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The case of a 14-month-old male patient is presented, demonstrating multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement procedures and a diagnostic dilemma with respect to distal shunt placement. Peritoneography was performed to demonstrate peritoneal fluid absorption, allowing subsequent placement of a new distal shunt catheter with good clinical results. TECHNIQUE Using aseptic technique, a 24-gauge spinal needle was inserted in the midline of the abdomen and water-soluble contrast material was instilled. Delayed radiographs delineated peritoneal adhesions and demonstrated renal excretion of the contrast material, confirming peritoneal absorption. CONCLUSION The peritoneal cavity remains the site of choice for distal shunt catheter placement. If failure of peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid absorption is suspected as a cause of shunt failure, then peritoneography with water-soluble contrast material may be safely used to demonstrate the adequacy of fluid absorption before a secondary site is chosen.