1. From the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Center for Critical Care (A.K.K., D.F.N.), Department of Outcomes Research (A.K.K., A.J.N., E.J.M., J.Y., E.M.R., Q.M.R., D.I.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.J.M., J.Y.), and Department of General Anesthesia (A.K.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.D.).