1. 1Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, and Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
2. 2Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
3. 3Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
4. 4Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
5. 5Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
6. 6Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
7. 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
8. 8Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
9. 9Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
10. 10Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
11. 11Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
12. 12Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.