1. From the Departments of General Anesthesiology and Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (H.E.); Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (H.E.); Department of Anaesthesia, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.E.-B.); King