A Proposal for a Classification for Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: Analysis of a French Multicenter Database From the FRANCOGYN Study Group

Abstract

ObjectiveEndometrial cancer (EC) recurrences are relatively common with no standardized way of describing them. We propose a new classification for them called locoregional, nodal, metastasis, carcinomatosis recurrences (rLMNC).Patients and MethodsThe data of 1230 women with EC who were initially treated by primary surgery were included in this French multicenter retrospective study. Recurrences were classified based on dissemination pathways: (1) locoregional recurrence (rL); (2) nodal recurrence (rN) for lymphatic pathway; (3) distant organ recurrence (rM) for hematogenous pathway; and (4) carcinomatosis recurrence (rC) for peritoneal pathway. These pathways were further divided into subgroups. We compared recurrence free survival and overall survival (OS) between the 4 groups (rL/rN/rM/rC).ResultsThe median follow-up was 35.6 months (range, 1.70–167.60). One hundred ninety-eight women (18.2%) experienced a recurrence: 150 (75.8%) experienced a single-pathway recurrence and 48 (24.2%) a multiple-pathway recurrence. The 5-year OS was 34.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.02%–43.1%), and the median time to first recurrence was 18.9 months (range, 0–152 months). The median survival after recurrence was 14.8 months (95% CI, 11.7–18.8). Among women with single pathway of recurrence, a difference in 5-year OS (P < 0.001) and survival after recurrence (P < 0.01) was found between the 4 rLNMC groups. The carcinomatosis group had the worst prognosis compared with other single recurrence pathways. Women with multiple recurrences had poorer 5-year OS (P < 0.001) and survival after recurrence (P < 0.01) than those with single metastasis recurrence, other than women with peritoneal carcinomatosis.ConclusionsThis easy-to-use and intuitive classification may be helpful to define EC recurrence risk groups and develop guidelines for the management of recurrence. Its prognosis value could also be a tool to select homogenous populations for further trials.