Cardiac arrhythmias in STEMI patients in ICU: study on occurrence in first 48 h and correlation with age, sex, infarction site, and risk factors

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The spread of the disease approaches three million people worldwide, with more than one million deaths in the United States annually. Myocardial ischemia and infarction can lead to electrophysiological and metabolic alterations that result in potentially fatal arrhythmias, some of which may be asymptomatic. About 90% of patients with AMI develop some form of arrhythmia during or immediately after the event, and in 25% of patients, these arrhythmias appear within the first 48 h. The most common cause of death in patients with AMI in pre-hospitalization is ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting 150 patients with myocardial infarction attending tertiary hospital. According to certain acceptance and exclusion criteria. Results: The sample consisted of 150 patients who suffered from heart infarction, the mean age of patients in the sample was 59.41 years with a standard deviation of 11.02 years and range of 28–90. Males constituted the largest portion of patients, with 112 males, that is 75%. The study identified that the anterior wall was the most frequent location for myocardial infarction among patients, with 64% of patients experiencing an infarction in this area. Additionally, ventricular fibrillation was the most commonly occurring arrhythmia, affecting 27% of myocardial infarction patients in the study. Recommendations: One of the most important recommendations of our study is the necessity of keeping the patient under observation for at least 48 h after myocardial infarction within the hospital to monitor the ECG (Holter) in order to detect arrhythmias. Detection of arrhythmias in every patient with extensive anterior, lateral, or posterior myocardial infarction. And the need to know and take into account ventricular fibrillation and how to manage it in every patient with a heart infarction. And conducting future studies, including a larger number of patients, to study cardiac arrhythmias more precisely.