Prevalence of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility at the tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study

Author:

Nyakio Olivier123,Kibukila Fabrice2,Suvvari Tarun Kumar4,Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini5,Akilimali Aymar673,Mukwege Denis1

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Medicine, Evangelic University in Africa

2. Faculty of Medicine, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu

3. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Washington, DC

4. Department of Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

5. Department of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

6. Depertment of Research, Medical Research Circle (MedReC)

7. Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Students Association (MSA), Goma, DR Congo

Abstract

Background: Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility is a medical condition that affects the pregnant woman [of blood group (A, B, AB, O) and a negative Rhesus] and the foetus (of positive Rhesus). The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and to present the clinical characteristics of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study and 37 participants were recorded during the study period of 4 years. Results: A total of 11 898 pregnant women admitted to the maternity and 37 of them (women with blood groups A, B, AB or O and with a negative Rhesus) participated in our study, including a frequency of 0.31%. Thirty cases of fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility were recorded in new-borns. 27 (73%) of the women are from the urban region and the age group between 21 and 25 is the most affected with 37.8%. Twenty-two (59.5%) of pregnant women have blood group O (and negative Rhesus) and primiparous women are the most affected with 64.9%. For the discovery of allo-immunization, 43.2% of women discovered it during the second pregnancy and 48.7% women received a single infusion of Anti-D serum during the first pregnancy. Twelve (40%) new-borns developed jaundice as a perinatal prognosis. Conclusion: Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility remains a major problem of maternal health because it is likely to lead to the formation of antibodies in women, which by crossing the placental barrier, they destroy red blood cells and thus cause serious complications.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Reference7 articles.

1. New approaches to prenatal diagnosis of rhesus incompatibility;Minon;Rev Med Liege,2006

2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn: a review of current trends and prospects;Myle;Pediatric Health Med Ther,2021

3. Prevention of fetomaternal rhesus-D allo-immunization. Perspectives;Cortey;J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris),2006

4. Targeted antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for RhD-negative pregnant women: a systematic review;Runkel;BMC Pregnancy Childbirth,2020

5. Rh isoimmunization in Sub-Saharan Africa indicates need for universal access to anti-RhD immunoglobulin and effective management of D-negative pregnancies;Osaro;Int J Womens Health,2010

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