Prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among students of the University of Dongola, Northern State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevalence has increased globally, particularly among university students. Objective: The study aimed to assess the smoking prevalence and its associated factors among students at University of Dongola, Northern State, Sudan. Methods: A multi-centred cross-sectional study was conducted among students of University of Dongola. Data was collected via an online Google form questionnaire. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26. Statistical significance was considered at p less than or equal to 0.05. Results: A total of 642 students participated in the study, of which 51.9% were females. Most of the students (73.6%) were aged 20–25 years and came from health & medical faculties (60.7%). The overall prevalence of smoking was 11.7%. The determined risk factors for smoking included male gender (P≤0.001), older age (P≤0.001), non-health and non-medical faculties (P≤0.001), uneducated fathers (P=0.032), and low socio-economic status (P=0.001). The most common reason for smoking was stress (36%), with cigarettes being the most commonly used type (88%). Personal savings were the main source of smoking expenses (73.3%). Most smokers (88%) were aware of the harmful effects of smoking. Conclusion: The overall smoking prevalence was relatively low among students at University of Dongola. Male gender, older age, non-health and non-medical faculties, uneducated fathers, and low socio-economic status were significant risk factors for smoking. The majority of smokers were aware of the harmful effects of smoking.