A complex case of univentricular heart with multiple congenital malformations diagnosed in a newborn: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Univentricular heart disease is a relatively rare condition that affects infants, with a prevalence ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 per 1000 live births. It is characterized by an abnormality in the structure of the heart, specifically the presence of only one main pumping chamber (ventricle) instead of the usual two. Presentation of case: In this particular case, a newborn male was diagnosed with double-inlet left ventricle (DILV), a specific form of univentricular heart disease. Following his birth, he exhibited symptoms of central cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin due to poor oxygenation) and difficulties with breastfeeding. Clinical evaluation, along with a heart ultrasound, confirmed the need for palliative surgery. At the age of 6 months, the patient is scheduled to undergo the Glenn procedure, a surgical intervention that aims to redirect blood flow to the lungs and improve oxygenation. Clinical discussion: Given the complexity of double-inlet single ventricle anomalies, there are multiple differential diagnoses that need to be considered for accurate diagnosis, including conditions such as tricuspid atresia, large ventricular septal defect and corrected transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect. Conclusion: Early intervention in the immediate postnatal period plays a crucial role in improving survival rates and reducing long-term complications. It is, therefore, essential to continue researching and refining treatment approaches.