A rare case of Behcet’s disease in Nepal: multisystem manifestations and diagnostic challenges

Abstract

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by a relapsing and remitting course and multisystem involvement. The authors present a case report of a 20-year-old male who presented with bilateral knee joint pain, oral and genital ulcers, and papulopustular skin lesions. The patient’s clinical history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and biopsy results were consistent with the diagnosis of BD. The patient tested positive for the HLA-B51 allele, confirming a genetic predisposition. The diagnosis was supported by a positive pathergy test and a skin biopsy showing vasculitis. The diagnostic criteria established by the international study group and the International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease were fulfilled. Treatment consisted of colchicine, azathioprine, and topical corticosteroids. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the varied clinical presentations of BD and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.