Aetiology, clinical profile, management and outcome of acute pancreatitis at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective observational study

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare gastrointestinal pathology that has recently become increasingly common owing to lifestyle changes. Its clinical presentation ranges from mild discomfort to organ failure and death. Previous studies in Ethiopia reported that AP is rare. However, lifestyle changes have recently increased. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the aetiology, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of AP. Methods: This prospective observational study included 59 adults diagnosed with AP using the Revised Atlanta Classification between November 2021 and August 2022 at five public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. The mean ± standard deviation and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% CI were used. Results: The mean age was 38.2 (SD±11.5 years), mostly aged 30–44, with 67% males and 89.8% patients presenting with new-onset AP. Abdominal pain and nausea were the most common presentations in 93.2% of patients. More than 52.5% of AP cases were caused by alcohol, followed by gallstones (28.8%), and gallstones (47.1%) underwent cholecystectomy during the index admission. One patient (1.7%) died. The length of hospital stay ranges from 1–47 days and increases with the severity of AP. Patients with recurrent AP had a 2.4 folds increase in complications compared to new-onset AP (AOR=2.4, 95% CI=1.38, 15.71). Conclusion: Most AP cases were caused by alcohol consumption, followed by gallstones, smoking, and hypertriglyceridemia. One death in a 60-year-old male with an alcohol and smoking history was diagnosed and triaged as severe AP with persistent multiple organ failure; BISAP score 4, his Creatinine=2.55 mg/dl, haematocrit 72.6%; and left shift of WBC, was associated.