Clinicopathological profile of mastalgia in females: incidence, types, and pathological correlations. a cross-Sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Mastalgia was the most common symptom in patients attending a breast clinic. The two most common types of mastalgia were (cyclical and non-cyclical). The common cause of cyclical was Physiological changes due to premenstrual tension syndrome fibrocystic changes or fibroadenosis and (Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution of the breast ). Non-cyclical diseases are mainly benign rather than malignant. Solid masses (fibroadenomas), cysts, infections, abscesses, trauma, and nipple discharge (hormones) are rare diseases associated with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of mastalgia, types (cyclical and non-cyclical) and pathological types of mastalgia (benign and malignant pathologies) Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of mastalgia was carried out at the Breast Center Department of Maternity Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, from January 2014 to September 2015. A total of 150 breast pain cases (available clinical data) were studied in detail. Results: There are two types of mastalgia based on triple assessments, these are as follows, cyclical 90 cases (60%) and non-cyclical 60 cases (40%). Fibrocystic breast changes or fibroadenosis 35 cases (23.3%) and thirdly nipple discharges as part of fibrocystic (fibroadenosis) five cases (3.3%). Non-cyclical mastalgia was subdivided into benign breast pathologies, fibroadenoma 30 cases (20%), breast cyst 10 cases (6.7%), nipple discharge (hormonal) five cases (3.3%), mastitis three cases (2%) abscess two cases (1.3%), fat necrosis one case (0.7%), and malignant breast pathologies, cancer three cases (2%). Clinicopathological correlations in the current study were highly significant (P<0.005). Conclusion: Not all discomfort or pain can be diagnosed as mastalgia; occasionally, chest wall, referral pain, and systemic causes can mimic mastalgia. These results highlight the importance of differentiating between cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia using clinical assessment, sonography, mammography, and blood investigations. Most mastalgia cases are benign, with cyclical mastalgia primarily related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.