Strengthening laboratory systems for ensuring accurate diagnoses in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) prevention programs in Uganda: a narrative review

Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant public health challenge in Uganda, necessitating a focused examination of the state of laboratory systems to ensure accurate diagnoses and effective prevention. The aim of this narrative review is to assess the current state of laboratory systems supporting MTCT prevention programs in Uganda, identify challenges hindering accurate diagnoses, and propose strategies for strengthening these systems to enhance the effectiveness of MTCT prevention efforts. This narrative review explores the current landscape of laboratory infrastructure in Uganda, addressing challenges unique to the country and proposing strategies for improvement. The discussion encompasses the integration of molecular testing, the role of point-of-care diagnostics, the implementation of quality assurance programs, and capacity-building initiatives for laboratory personnel. Additionally, technological innovations and their applicability in the Ugandan context are explored alongside the crucial aspect of integrating laboratory services into antenatal care. Drawing on global lessons, the review provides tailored recommendations for Uganda, spanning policy considerations, funding mechanisms, infrastructure enhancements, and workforce development. Looking towards the future, the review outlines potential collaborations, technological advancements, and strategic investments that can further fortify laboratory systems, ultimately contributing to the elimination of MTCT in Uganda.