Long-term cognitive dysfunction after the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

Author:

Shariff Sanobar12,Uwishema Olivier134,Mizero Jocelyn15,Devi Thambi Vimala16,Nazir Abubakar17,Mahmoud Ashraf18,Kaushik Ikshwaki19,Khayat Saadeddine110,Yusif Maigoro Abdulkadir111,Awde Sara110,Al Maaz Zeina110,Alwan Iktimal110,Hijazi Mahdi110,Wellington Jack112,Soojin Lee111

Affiliation:

1. Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda

2. Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia

3. Clinton Global Initiative University, NY

4. Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

6. R- endo Inc, Hamilton, NJ & Dr. NTR University Health Sciences

7. Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

8. Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College KCMUCo, Tanzania

9. Faculty of Medicine, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

10. Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

11. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea

12. Faculty of Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has brought a conglomerate of novel chronic disabling conditions described as ‘Long COVID/Post-COVID-19 Syndrome’. Recent evidence suggests that the multifaceted nature of this syndrome results in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sequelae,chronic dyspnoea, persistent fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction being the most common, debilitating symptoms. Several mechanisms engender or exacerbate cognitive impairment, including central nervous system and extra-central nervous system causes, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients may suffer varying degrees of cognitive impairment, ranging from fatigue and brain fog to prolonged deficits in memory and attention, detrimental to the quality-of-life years post-recovery. The aim of this review is to understand the underlying mechanisms, associations, and attempts for prevention with early intervention of long-term cognitive impairment post-COVID-19. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted through multiple databases such as Medline, National Library of Medicine, Ovid, Scopus database to retrieve all the articles on the long-term sequalae of cognitive dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The inclusion criteria included all articles pertinent to this specific topic and exclusion criteria subtracted studies pertaining to other aetiologies of cognitive dysfunction. This search was carefully screened for duplicates and the relevant information was extracted and analysed. Results/discussion: To date, the exact pathogenesis, and underlying mechanisms behind cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19, remain unclear, hindering the development of adequate management strategies. However, the proposed mechanisms suggested by various studies include direct damage to the blood-brain barrier, systemic inflammation, prolonged hypoxia, and extended intensive care admissions. However, no clear-cut guidelines for management are apparent. Conclusion: This review of the COVID-19 pandemic has elucidated a new global challenge which is affecting individuals’ quality of life by inducing long-term impaired cognitive function. The authors have found that comprehensive evaluations and interventions are crucial to address the cognitive sequelae in all COVID-19 patients, especially in patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the authors recommend further research for the development of relevant, timely neurocognitive assessments and treatment plans.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

General Medicine,Surgery

Cited by 6 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3