Safety and effectiveness of halo gravity traction combined with traditional growing rods in severe early-onset scoliosis with neurofibromatosis type 1

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) scoliosis can be difficult to treat without early detection. Correcting deformities while considering long-term growth in early-onset scoliosis (EOS) treatment is important. This study was performed to establish the safety and effectiveness of halo gravity traction (HGT) with traditional growing rods (TGRs) in NF-1 EOS. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 15 children (7 boys and 8 girls; mean age, 5.61 years) diagnosed with NF-1 EOS from October 2016 to March 2021. All patients underwent HGT before growing rod implantation. The growing rods were lengthened every 9–12 months, with a follow-up of 2–7 years. Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), trunk shift (TS), sagittal vertebral axis and T1–S1 height were measured before operation, after traction, after operation and at last follow-up. Complications were also recorded. Fifteen patients with NF-1 EOS were treated with an average traction weight of 10.00 kg. After 29.20 days of HGT, the Cobb angle improved from 99.10° to 62.60°, TK from 79.33° to 55.04°, TS from 31.05 to 17.71 mm, sagittal vertebral axis from 42.07 to 25.63 mm and T1–S1 height from 27.50 to 29.70 cm (P < 0.05 for all). Postoperatively, compared with post-traction, the Cobb angle was 52.40° (P = 0.002) and TK was 44.54° (P = 0.004). No complications occurred during traction. Growing rod dislocation occurred in one patient and growing rod breakage in one patient. HGT combined with TGRs was well-tolerated and effective for treating severe NF-1 EOS. It significantly corrected the Cobb angle and TK, restored trunk balance, and increased spinal height with few complications.