Can the gut microbiome inform the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation trials on cognition?

Author:

Kerman Bilal E.1,Self Wade2,Yassine Hussein N.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

2. Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

Abstract

Purpose of review Most omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation clinical trials report inconsistent or null findings on measures of cognition or Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a relatively large variability in the response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. The purpose of this review is to identify whether the gut microbiome together with the metabolome can provide critical insights to understand this heterogeneity in the response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. Recent findings A Western diet with high saturated fat and omega-6 fatty acid content, obesity, and lack of exercise puts strain on the gut microbiome resulting in imbalance, dysbiosis, reduced bacterial diversity, and increased abundance of the pro-inflammatory taxa. A plant-based diet has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota even when deficient in n-3 PUFAs. Human and animal studies show that increased intake of the n-3 PUFAs correlates with increased beneficial intestinal bacteria when compared to a Western diet. Summary The composition of the gut microbiota can help define the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on the brain and lead to more personalized nutritional interventions.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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