Factors Associated With Musculoskeletal Pain Among Hair Transplant Surgeons: Analyses of Survey Data and Review of the Literature

Abstract

BACKGROUND The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) is increasing among all surgical specialties. OBJECTIVE Results of a cross-sectional survey of hair transplant surgeons were analyzed, with the aims to (1) determine the prevalence of WRMD, (2) assess risk factors associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms, and (3) identify mitigation measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey pertaining to demographics, MSK-related symptoms and its impacts, and pain mitigation measures taken, if any, were distributed to 834 hair transplant surgeons. Risk factors associated with pain severity were assessed using linear regression. RESULTS Overall, 78.5% (73 of 93) respondents had experienced pain when performing surgery. Musculoskeletal symptoms were most severe in the neck, followed by upper/lower back, and extremities. Number of grafts performed per session of follicular unit extraction positively correlated with pain severity; female surgeons and surgeons aged >71 years were at higher risk. A majority expressed concern that WRMD may limit their career and agreed to a need for improved workplace education. Strength training and ergonomic improvements of surgical procedure were not commonly adopted. CONCLUSION In sum, WRMD can be debilitating in health care professionals. Workplace ergonomic adjustments and physical exercise programs may be warranted to better mitigate MSK symptoms.