Effect of sacubitril/valsartan or valsartan on ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis in perimenopausal women with hypertension

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on blood pressure (BP), ventricular structure, and myocardial fibrosis compared with valsartan in perimenopausal hypertensive women. Methods: This prospective, randomized, actively controlled, open-label study included 292 women with perimenopausal hypertension. They were randomly divided into two groups: sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg once daily and valsartan 160 mg once daily for 24 weeks. The relevant indicators of ambulatory BP, echocardiography, and myocardial fibrosis regulation were assessed at baseline and at 24 weeks. Results: The 24-h mean SBP after 24 weeks of treatment was 120.08 ± 10.47 mmHg in the sacubitril/valsartan group versus 121.00 ± 9.76 mmHg in the valsartan group (P = 0.457). After 24 weeks of treatment, there was no difference in central SBP between the sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan groups (117.17 ± 11.63 versus 116.38 ± 11.58, P = 0.568). LVMI in the sacubitril/valsartan group was lower than that in the valsartan group at week 24 (P = 0.009). LVMI decreased by 7.23 g/m2 from the baseline in the sacubitril/valsartan group and 3.70 g/m2 in the valsartan group at 24 weeks (P = 0.000 versus 0.017). A statistically significant difference in LVMI between the two groups was observed at 24 weeks after adjusting for the baseline LVMI (P = 0.001). The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CT-GF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were reduced in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared with the baseline (P = 0.000, 0.005, and 0.000). LVMI between the two groups was statistically significant at 24 weeks after correcting for confounding factors 24-h mean SBP and 24-h mean DBP (P = 0.005). The LVMI, serum TGF-β, α-SMA, and CT-GF remained statistically significant between the two groups after further correcting the factors of age, BMI, and sex hormone levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Sacubitril/valsartan could reverse ventricular remodeling more effectively than valsartan. The different effects of these two therapies on ventricular remodeling in perimenopausal hypertensive women might be because of their different effects on the down-regulation of fibrosis-related factors.