Mediating effects of BMI on the association between DNA methylation regions and 24-h blood pressure in African Americans

Abstract

Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that may influence blood pressure (BP) regulation and hypertension risk. Obesity, a major lifestyle factor associated with hypertension, may interact with DNA methylation to affect BP. However, the indirect effect of DNA methylation on 24-h BP measurements mediated by obesity-related phenotypes such as BMI has not been investigated. Methods: Causal mediation analysis was applied to examine the mediating role of BMI in the relation between DNA methylation and 24-h BP phenotypes, including SBP, DBP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), in 281 African American participants. Results: Analysis of 38 215 DNA methylation regions, derived from 1 549 368 CpG sites across the genome, identified up to 138 methylation regions that were significantly associated with 24-h BP measurements through BMI mediation. Among them, 38 (19.2%) methylation regions were concurrently associated with SBP, DBP and MAP. Genes associated with BMI-mediated methylation regions are potentially involved in various chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease and renal disease, which are often caused or exacerbated by hypertension. Notably, three genes (CDH4, NOTCH1 and COLGALT1) showed both direct associations with 24-h BP measurements and indirect associations through BMI after adjusting for age and sex covariates. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that DNA methylation may contribute to the regulation of 24-h BP in African Americans both directly and indirectly through BMI mediation.