Association of serum uric acid levels with blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly populations

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly populations. Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 13 349 middle-aged and elderly general health checkup examinees without cardiovascular disease. The retrospective cohort analysis included 6659 normotensive participants (mean age: 64.6 years). Participants were divided into three groups based on their SBP/DBP levels: normal (<120/<80 mmHg), high normal (120–129/<80 mmHg), and elevated (130–139/80–89 mmHg), and were classified into three groups based on the results of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test: normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes. Results: SUA levels were significantly associated with SBP and DBP in this cross-sectional study. Over a mean 6.5-year follow-up period, 2038 participants developed hypertension. According to the SUA quartiles, the incidence of hypertension increased [26.1% in quartile (Q1) (≤4.1 mg/dl), 28.6% in Q2 (4.2–4.9 mg/dl), 32.6% in Q3 (5.0–5.8 mg/dl), 34.9% in Q4 (≥5.9 mg/dl); P for trend <0.001]. In multivariable analyses, SUA levels were positively associated with hypertension incidence only in the normal BP group [Q4 vs. Q1 odds ratio (OR): 1.64, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.11–2.44; Q3 vs. Q1 OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19–2.42] and in the normoglycemic group (Q4 vs. Q1 OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02–1.76; Q3 vs. Q1 OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07–1.74). Conclusion: In the middle-aged and elderly populations, normotensive or normoglycemic individuals with SUA levels at least 5 mg/dl may be potential targets for SUA management to prevent hypertension.