1. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
2. Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
3. Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
4. Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
6. Center for Evaluating Health Reform, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan