Probability Distributions for Associations Between Cognitive Screening and Pure-tone Thresholds in Older Adults

Abstract

Objectives: Lower general cognitive function is frequently reported in older adults with elevated pure-tone thresholds. Here, we examined reason(s) for this association, including whether this relationship is dependent on the frequency range or extent of hearing loss and cognitive screening performance. Design: Linear regression was used to examine associations between better-ear pure-tone thresholds and Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) performance in a cross-sectional sample of relatively healthy older adults (N = 508; 68% women, 60–89+ years; M age = 72). Quantile regression was also used to identify the ranges of 0.5 and 4.0 kHz thresholds and MMSE scores where these variables exhibited significant associations. Results: MMSE scores and pure-tone thresholds exhibited small but significant associations, particularly for better-ear 0.5 kHz thresholds. This hearing threshold and cognitive screening association was present among participants with better hearing, including the oldest older adults. There was limited evidence for mediating health condition effects on this association. An item analysis of the MMSE revealed that the MMSE and pure-tone threshold associations were largely due to the delayed recall item of the MMSE. Conclusions: Together, the small effect results are consistent with the extant literature and suggest that there are multiple reasons for modest pure-tone threshold and cognitive screening performance associations.