The Efficacy of Peritoneal Flap Fixation on Symptomatic Lymphocele Formation Following Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy with Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Pelvic lymphocele is the most common complication after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), of which symptomatic lymphocele (sLC) ranges up to 10% and is associated with poorer perioperative outcomes. Peritoneal flap fixation (PFF) is a promising intraoperative modification to reduce sLC formation but the clinical evidence failed to reach consistency. Materials and methods: Randomized and non-randomized comparative studies comparing postoperative sLC occurrence with or without PFF after RARP with PLND were identified through a systematic literature search via MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL up to July 2023. Outcome data of sLC occurrence (primary) and major perioperative events (secondary) were extracted. Mean difference and risk ratio with 95 percent confidence interval were synthesized as appropriate for each outcome to determine the cumulative effect size. Results: Five RCTs and five observatory studies involving 3,177 patients were finally included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. PFF implementation significantly reduced the occurrence of sLC (RR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24-0.50), and the specific lymphocele-related symptoms, without compromised perioperative outcomes including blood loss, operative time, and major non-lymphocele complications. The strength of the evidence was enhanced by the low risk of bias and low inter-study heterogeneity of the eligible RCTs. Conclusion: PFF warrants routine implementation after RARP with PLND to prevent or reduce postoperative sLC formation.