Bone grafting for femoral head necrosis in the past decade: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Bone grafting is considered a method that can provide mechanical and structural support to the femoral head and prevent the collapse of the femoral head after core decompression (CD). However, there are no consensus guidelines on which bone grafting method is best after CD. The authors assessed the efficacy of various bone grafting modalities and CD through a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Materials and methods: Ten articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library searches. Bone graft modalities are categorized into four, and CD is the control group: (1) CD, (2) autologous bone graft (ABG), (3) biomaterial bone graft (BBG), (4) bone graft combined with bone marrow graft (BG+BM), and (5) free vascular bone graft (FVBG). The rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral head necrosis progression rate, and Harris hip score (HHS) improvement were compared among the five treatments. Results: A total of 816 hips were included in the NMA: specifically, 118 hips in CD, 334 in ABG, 133 in BBG, 113 in BG+BM, and 118 in FVBG. The NMA results show no significant differences in preventing conversion to THA and improving HHS in each group. All bone graft methods are better than CD in preventing osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) progress [ABG: odds ratio (OR)=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.56; BBG: OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.52; BG+BM: OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.24; FVBG: OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.38]. The rankgrams indicate that BG+BM is the best intervention in preventing conversion to THA (73%), preventing ONFH progress (75%), and improving HHS (57%), followed by the BBG in preventing conversion to THA (54%), improving HHS (38%), and the FVBG in preventing ONFH progress (42%). Conclusions: This finding indicates that bone grafting after CD is necessary to prevent ONFH progression. Moreover, bone grafts combined with bone marrow grafts and BBG seem to be effective treatment methods in ONFH.