Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Abstract
Acupuncture is an effective therapy used worldwide to treat various diseases, including infections, allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency syndromes. Except for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, acupuncture exerts its regulatory effect mainly by producing autonomic reflexes, including somatic-sympathetic and somatic-parasympathetic reflexes. In this review, we discuss the updated progress of the cholinergic vagal efferent pathway, vagal-adrenal axis, local spinal sacral-parasympathetic pathway, and the somatotopic evocation of parasympathetic responses related to restoring immune homeostasis within acupuncture therapy. Targeting the parasympathetic reflex offers scientific instruction for the design of acupuncture protocols for immunological diseases, providing more specialized comprehensive treatment recommendations.
Graphical abstract:
http://links.lww.com/AHM/A49
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Cited by
1 articles.
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