Anal Monkeypox Disease: Description of 65 Cases
Author:
Le Vavasseur Benjamin1ORCID, Bendaoud Sihem2, Taieb Sarah2, Heym Beate3, Ysmail Dahlouk Saliha2, Leclerc Eloise J.2, Metaye Antonin2, Bessanguem Bernard2, Bourguignon Josée2, Taouk Milad2, Gabarre Anne3, Marot Stéphane4, Tepper Sarah5, Lidove Olivier1, Etienney Isabelle2
Affiliation:
1. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France 2. Proctology Unit, Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France 3. Microbiology Laboratory, Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France 4. Virology Laboratory, La Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France 5. Emergency Unit, Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Monkeypox is a zoonosis endemic in Africa caused by 3 orthopoxvirus clades. Knowledge of the disease is limited, but a worldwide outbreak involving a new route of transmission was declared in April 2022.
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to describe anal symptoms and outcomes in patients infected with Monkeypox virus presenting to an emergency proctology unit in Paris.
DESIGN:
This was an observational study.
SETTING:
We reported anal symptoms of all consecutive patients with monkeypox anal infection in a single proctology center between June 16, 2022, and July 26, 2022. Association with sexually transmitted infections and outcomes were also recorded.
PATIENTS:
Sixty-five men with a mean age of 39.6 (19.9–64.6) years with confirmed monkeypox anal infection were included in the study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Anal symptoms and their severity were clinically assessed. A favorable outcome consisted of a complete resolution of clinical manifestation.
RESULTS:
Sexual transmission was reported in 51 patients (78.4%), among whom 63 (97%) were men who have sex with men. Twenty-eight (43%) were living with HIV, and 24 (36.9%) were taking tenofovir/emtricitabine for HIV preexposure prophylaxis. Anal symptoms appeared first in 36 patients (55.4%) and skin rash or other general symptoms in 22 patients (33.8%). Incubation time was 6.9 (1–26) days. Symptoms included painful perianal (n = 42 patients; 64.6%), anal (n = 28, 43%), and rectal (n = 25; 38.4%) ulcerations and perianal vesicles (n = 24; 36.9%). Proctitis was observed in 49 patients (75.4%). It was mild in 20 (40.8%) and intense in 29 (59.2%), and severe proctitis mimicking high intersphincteric suppuration was found in 4 (8.2%). Fifteen patients (23.1%) had concurrent sexually transmitted infection and 3 were hospitalized. Complete symptom resolution occurred within 12 days.
LIMITATIONS:
We performed a single-center study during a short period of time.
CONCLUSIONS:
Proctological symptoms are frequent in the current outbreak of monkeypox disease, probably linked to the route of transmission. Rectal ulcerations mimicking high intersphincteric suppuration should be recognized to avoid unnecessary surgery. See Video Abstract.
ENFERMEDAD ANAL DE LA VIRUELA DEL MONO: DESCRIPCIÓN DE 65 CASOS
ANTECEDENTES:
La viruela del simio mono es una zoonosis endémica en África causada por tres clados de orthopoxvirus. El conocimiento de la enfermedad es limitado, pero en abril de 2022 se declaró un brote mundial que implica una nueva vía de transmisión.
OBJETIVO:
Describir los síntomas anales y los resultados en pacientes que sufren de infección por Monkeypox que asistieron a una unidad de proctología de emergencia en París.
DISEÑO:
Un estudio observacional.
ESCENARIO:
Informamos los síntomas anales de todos los pacientes consecutivos con infección anal por viruela del mono en un solo centro de proctología entre el 16/6/2022 y el 26/7/2022. También se registró la asociación con infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y el resultado.
PACIENTES:
Sesenta y cinco hombres de 39,6 [19,9-64,6] años con infección anal confirmada.
PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:
Los síntomas anales y su gravedad se evaluaron clínicamente. Un resultado favorable consistió en una resolución completa de la manifestación clínica.
RESULTADOS:
La transmisión sexual se informó en 51 (78,4%) pacientes, de los cuales 63 (97%) eran hombres que tuvieron sexo con hombres. Veintiocho (43%) vivían con el VIH y 24 (36,9%) tomaban Emtricitabina/Tenofovir para profilaxis previa por exposición al VIH. Los síntomas anales aparecieron primero en 36 (55,4%) pacientes y la erupción cutánea u otros síntomas generales en 22 (33,8%). El tiempo de incubación fue de 6,9 [1-26] días. Los síntomas incluyeron ulceraciones perianales dolorosas (n = 42 pacientes, 64,6%), anales (n = 28, 43%), rectales (n = 25, 38,4%) y vesículas perianales (n = 24, 36,9%). Se observó proctitis en 49 (75,4%) pacientes. Fue leve en 20 (40,8%) e intensa en 29 (59,2%) y proctitis severa simulando supuración interesfinteriana alta en 4 (8,2%). Quince (23,1%) pacientes presentaban ITS concurrentes y 3 fueron hospitalizados. La resolución completa de los síntomas ocurrió dentro de los 12 días.
LIMITACIONES:
Estudio de un solo centro y durante corto período de tiempo.
CONCLUSIÓN:
Los síntomas proctológicos son frecuentes en el brote actual de la enfermedad de la viruela del mono, probablemente relacionados con la vía de transmisión. Las ulceraciones rectales que simulan una supuración interesfinteriana alta deben reconocerse para evitar una cirugía innecesaria. (Traducción—Dr. Fidel Ruiz Healy).
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Gastroenterology,General Medicine
Reference13 articles.
1. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo.;Ladnyj;Bull World Health Organ,1972 2. Human monkeypox—Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of Congo, February 1996-October 1997.;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,1997 3. Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox—Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003.;Gross;Ann Emerg Med,2003 4. Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis.;Girometti;Lancet Infect Dis,2022 5. Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries—April-June 2022.;Thornhill;N Engl J Med,2022
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