1. Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesia, Fourth Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital.
2. Chief Anesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesia, Fourth Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital.
3. Professor of Bacteriology, Department of Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Division of Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and the Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki.