1. Staff Anesthesiologist, Départment d'Anesthésiologie, Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat.
2. Research Engineer, Départment d'Anesthésiologie, Hôpital Bichat.
3. Resident in Anesthesia, Départment d'Anesthésiologie, Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat.
4. Professor of Anesthesia, Departments of Anesthesia, Stanford University Medical Center, and Veterans Administration Medical Center.
5. Professor of Anesthesia, Départment d'Anesthésiologie, Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat.