1. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical College and Hospital, South 1, West 16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Formerly, Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
2. Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ibaragi 300–31, Japan.
3. Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical College and Hospital, South 1, West 16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.