Pressure Support Ventilation versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure with the Laryngeal Mask Airway

Abstract

Background The authors tested the hypothesis that pressure support ventilation (PSV) provides more effective gas exchange than does unassisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in anesthetized adult patients treated using the laryngeal mask airway. Methods Forty patients were randomized to two equal-sized crossover groups, and data were collected before surgery. In group 1, patients underwent CPAP, PSV, and CPAP in sequence. In group 2, patients underwent PSV, CPAP, and PSV in sequence. PSV comprised positive end expiratory pressure set at 5 cm H2O and inspiratory pressure support set at 5 cm H2O above positive end expiratory pressure. CPAP was set at 5 cm H2O. Each ventilatory mode was maintained for 10 min. The following data were recorded every minute for the last 5 min of each ventilatory mode and the average reading taken: end tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation, expired tidal volume, leak fraction, respiratory rate, noninvasive mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Results In both groups, PSV showed lower end tidal carbon dioxide (P < 0.001), higher oxygen saturation, (P < 0.001), and higher expired tidal volume (P < 0.001) compared with CPAP. In both groups, PSV had similar leak fraction, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate compared with CPAP. In group 1, measurements for CPAP were similar before and after PSV. In group 2, measurements for PSV were similar before and after CPAP. Conclusion The authors concluded that PSV provides more effective gas exchange than does unassisted ventilation with CPAP during LMA anesthesia while preserving leak fraction and hemodynamic homeostasis.