Coronal, Sagittal, and Horizontal Classification of the Chest Shape and Its Role in Selection of Proper Implants

Abstract

Background: The number of female breast correction procedures has been steadily increasing. Despite extensive literature being available on these procedures, few authors have discussed the role of preoperative chest wall analysis in relation to postoperative outcomes. To date, no comprehensive classification of chest shape has been introduced in the literature. The aim of this study was to present a novel classification of chest shapes, based on three basic planes: coronal (C), sagittal (S), and horizontal (H), hence the proposed name “CSH classification.” Method: In this study, a retrospective analysis of 1000 randomly selected chest and breast images was conducted by three independent nonmedical evaluators, using standardized digital images captured with the Vectra 3D body scanner. All examined patients were qualified for breast augmentation surgery. Results: Among 1000 randomly examined patients, 923 were classified in the coronal plane, 920 in the sagittal plane, and 627 in the horizontal plane. Other patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient quality of the images. A notable 43.2% of women have shoulder height asymmetries. A relationship between shoulder height asymmetry and chest width was confirmed by the chi-square Pearson test (P = 0.04), indicating that a higher shoulder is associated with a greater chest width on the same side. Furthermore, 84.7% of women displayed excessive upper chest projection, whereas 28.4% showed excessive lower chest projection. Additionally, 84.4% of women had chest projection asymmetries. Conclusions: The vast majority of the women had natural asymmetries of the breast or and chest wall. The CSH classification allows systematizing the chest shape assessment. The chest shape has a significant impact on breast implant selection and the choice of the breast surgery technique.