Validating a Novel Device to Improve Skin Color Matching for Face Transplants

Abstract

Introduction: Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) offers an added layer of complexity when compared to solid organ transplantation. VCAs must account for aesthetic variables such as skin tone and color. The goal of this study is to validate the Nix Color Sensor as a novel tool to be added to the plastic surgeon’s armamentarium for evaluating skin color match of the donor and recipient. Methods: A prospective study of 100 individuals was conducted. All participants were photographed and scanned with the Nix Color Sensor. Sixty pairwise comparisons were randomly generated. Skin color analysis was performed using photographs and the Nix Color Sensor. Delta E2000 values were compared to mean evaluator ratings using a Spearman correlation analysis. Results: One hundred patients were included. A Spearman’s correlation demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between Delta E2000 values and the mean evaluator ratings. The higher the mean evaluator rating for likeness, the lower the delta. A correlation coefficient of −0.850 demonstrates a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.01). Conclusions: When the Delta E2000 rises above 5 there is a significant drop in the mean evaluator ratings. As mean evaluator ratings of 5 and above would be considered adequate for face transplant amongst most plastic surgeons, an E2000 value of 5 or lower should be targeted when matching donors with recipients for face transplant. The Nix Color Sensor positively correlates to the plastic surgeon’s perception of skin color and can serve as an adjunct in donor selection for facial VCAs.