Social Deprivation is Associated with Increased Pain in Patients Presenting with Neuropathic Pain

Abstract

Background: Neuropathic pain following nerve injury can be debilitating and negatively impact quality of life. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is an efficacious technique for the management of neuropathic pain. However, this technique may be unequally available for many geographical locations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and preoperative pain in patients undergoing TMR for treatment of neuropathic pain. Methods: Patients who underwent TMR for neuropathic pain in the lower and upper extremities were prospectively enrolled at our tertiary care clinic. A chart review was conducted to obtain socioeconomic, surgery, and comorbidity parameters. Preoperative pain scores (0–10 pain score index), and the ADI, reflecting deprivation status on a 0–100 scale, were collected. Results: A total of 162 patients from 13 different states were included, of which 119 were amputees (74%). The median ADI was 25 (IQR: 16–41) and the median preoperative pain score was 6 (IQR: 5–8). A higher ADI was independently associated with higher preoperative pain. The time interval from nerve injury to TMR was not associated with ADI. Conclusions: Patients undergoing surgical treatment of neuropathic pain from more socially deprived settings have increased pain experience upon initial evaluation, despite having similar time from nerve injury or amputation to TMR. These findings highlight the importance of identifying patients presenting from socially deprived settings, as this may impact their physical and mental health along with their coping mechanisms, resulting in increased pain.