Mass gathering events and transmission of respiratory tract infections: updates pre and post COVID-19 lockdown

Abstract

Purpose of review This article reviews the epidemiology and transmission of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during mass gathering events (MGEs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent findings RTIs of viral cause such as influenza, rhinovirus and coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, OC43) are common in MGEs. No cases of MERS-CoV have yet been identified in pilgrims during Hajj, despite the fact that MERS-CoV continues to circulate in the Middle East. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, organizers of mass gathering religious and sporting events have implemented risk-based infection control measures and lockdowns that limited transmission of RTIs. Summary Large-scale RTI outbreaks at MGEs are uncommon due to more robust public health planning, prevention, risk assessment and improved health infrastructures in host countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.