Methodology for Analyzing Qualitative Data in Multiple Languages

Abstract

Background Translation strategies are commonly used for qualitative interview data to bridge language barriers. Inconsistent translation of interviews can lead to conceptual inequivalence, where meanings of participants' experiences are distorted, threatening scientific rigor. Objectives Our objective is to describe a systematic method developed to analyze multilingual, qualitative interview data while maintaining the original language of the transcripts. Methods A literature review of translation strategies, cross-language, and multilingual qualitative research was conducted. Combined with criteria for qualitative content analysis and trustworthiness, the methodology was developed and used for a qualitative descriptive study. Results The study had interview data in both English and Spanish. The research team consisted of both native Spanish and English speakers, who were grouped based on language. Verbatim transcription of data occurred in the original languages. All codes were kept in English, allowing the research team to view the data set as a whole. Two researchers within each group coded each transcript independently before reaching a consensus. The entire research team discussed all transcripts, and finally, major themes were determined. Participants' quotes remained in the original language for publication, with an English translation included when needed. Discussion Analyzing transcripts in the original language brought forth cultural themes that otherwise may have been overlooked. This methodology promotes conceptual equivalence and trustworthiness that is paramount in cultural, linguistic, and social determinants of health research to advance health equity.