Characteristics and Related Parameters of Quick Contrast Sensitivity Function in Chinese Ametropia Children

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) and its related parameters in Chinese ametropia children. Methods: This case series study enrolled 106 eyes of 53 children (male/female=29/24, age: 9.04±2.06 years). Examinations included manifest refraction, axial length, corneal curvature, and monocular and binocular qCSF readings without refractive correction (area under log CSF [AULCSF], CSF acuity, and contrast sensitivity [CS] at 1.0 to 18.0 cpd). The subjects were divided into groups according to age and refractive parameters for analysis. Results: The mean spherical equivalent (SE), AULCSF, and CSF acuity of the test eyes were −0.94±1.53 D, 0.44±0.33, and 8.50±5.97 cpd, respectively. In the monocular qCSF comparison, the refraction sphere (RS) was the major factor correlated with qCSF readings (B=0.186, P=0.009 for AULCSF; B=0.543, P=0.019 for CSF acuity; generalized linear model). The three groups stratified by RS/SE (<−1.00D, −1.00D to 0D, and >0D) showed significant differences in CS at medium spatial frequencies (3.0 and 6.0 cpd; all P<0.05). In the low RS/SE group (within −1 to 0 D), the CS at 12.0 cpd was significantly lower than that in the hyperopia group (all P<0.05). Binocular qCSF readings were significantly correlated with those of the eyes with lower RS (all P<0.05). Conclusion: RS and SE are the major contributing factors of qCSF without refractive correction in children. The CS at medium spatial frequencies decrease significantly as the RS/SE increase. In low myopia children, the CS at medium and high spatial frequencies are significantly decreased, providing practical value in visual function screening in children.