Changes in the Objective Vision Quality of Adolescents in a Mesopic Visual Environment After Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate changes in objective vision quality in mesopic environments in teenagers with myopia after wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 45 patients (80 eyes) who received OK lenses at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from March 2021 to September 2021. An Optical Path Difference-Scan III refractive power/corneal analyzer was used to determine the corneal topographic parameters (corneal e, corneal Q, surface asymmetry index (SAI), and surface regularity index (SRI)), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), axial length (AL) change, lens decentration, induced astigmatism, target power, and Strehl ratio (SR) in a mesopic visual environment after wearing OK lenses for 6 months. In addition, corneal morphological parameters, HOAs, and SR were analyzed in a mesopic visual environment. Finally, we investigated the correlations among corneal morphology, HOAs, AL change, lens decentration, induced astigmatism, and SR. Results: The SAI value was significantly higher (P<0.01), and the corneal e was significantly lower (P<0.01), in a mesopic visual environment after wearing OK lenses for 1 week than baseline. A significant increase was observed in total HOAs and spherical aberrations, compared with before the OK lenses were worn (P<0.01). In addition, SR in the mesopic visual environment decreased significantly after wearing the lenses (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) among the 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up findings. After 6 months, AL and lens decentration did not differ significantly compared with before (P>0.05), whereas induced astigmatism significantly increased (P<0.05). Negative correlations were observed between corneal Q, SAI, SRI, HOAs, induced astigmatism, and SR, and positive correlations were found between corneal e, AL change, lens decentration, and SR, after wearing OK lenses. Key Points: • Wearing orthokeratology lenses significantly altered corneal morphology and HOAs in myopic teenagers within 1 week. • The changes that we observed in the eyes of adolescents with myopia after wearing orthokeratology lenses decreased vision quality in mesopic environments. • Strehl ratio is significantly correlated with multiple parameters, including HOAs, AL change, and lens decentration. Conclusions: In teenagers with myopia wearing OK lenses, significant changes in vision quality and corneal morphology were observed, leading to increased aberrations and affecting optical imaging quality. Furthermore, SR is significantly correlated with multiple parameters, including HOAs, AL change, and lens decentration. Registration Number: This study is registered with the United States Clinical Trials Registry under registration number NCT04929119.