Validation of the Chinese Versions of the Carolina Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and HPV and Vaccination Knowledge Scales

Abstract

Background: It is vital to address parents’ human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase adolescent HPV vaccination rates. Objective: To validate the Chinese versions of the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS), HPV Knowledge scale (GK23), and Vaccination Knowledge Scale (VK9) and to investigate parents’ current perspectives on HPV vaccination. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 195 Chinese parents. The CHIAS, GK23, and VK9 were translated into Chinese and content validity was established. The structural validity of the CHIAS was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency of the scales was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (α) for the CHIAS-C and by Kuder-Richardson 20 for the GK23 and VK9. Results: Internal consistency of all 3 scales was acceptable, with Cronbach’s α for the 4 domains of the CHIAS-C ranging from 0.68 to 0.85, and Kuder-Richardson 20 score of 0.88 and 0.75 for the GK23 and VK9, respectively. The 4-factor structure of the CHIAS-C was found to be a good fit to the data and its structural validity was established. Conclusions: The Chinese versions of the CHIAS, GK23, and VK9 are valid and reliable instruments to evaluate attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination among Chinese-speaking parents. Implications for Practice: These instruments may facilitate investigation of parents’ views toward HPV vaccination and inform the design of targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy. What Is Foundational: Parents’ knowledge and attitudes are determining factors in vaccination decision-making and should be considered in HPV vaccine promotion efforts.