Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Complications in Pediatric Tissue Expansion

Abstract

Background Tissue expanders represent one of the main surgical options for skin reconstruction in cases of tumors, traumalike burn injury, scar contracture, and alopecia. However, the tissue expander device is also associated with complications such as infection and extrusion. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for major complications of use of tissue expanders in pediatric patients using multivariate analysis. Methods A retrospective, single-center observational study was performed over 10 years in pediatric patients who were treated with tissue expanders for tumors, nevus, scars, burn reconstruction, and alopecia from April 2012 to March 2022. The primary outcome was overall complications per operation and expander, including infection and extrusion. Ten predictor variables were included as risk factors based on previous studies and as new factors considered important from clinical experience. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for major complications such as expander infection or extrusion. Results The study included 44 patients who underwent 92 operations using 238 tissue expanders. The overall complication rate per expander was 14.3%. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified associations of younger age, number of expanders used per operation, history of infection, and tissue expander locations with a higher complication rate. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger age (odds ratio, 1.14; P = 0.043) was associated with a high likelihood of expander complications. Conclusions Younger age is an independent risk factor for tissue expander complications in pediatric patients. This factor should be considered in preoperative planning and discussions with the patient's family.