Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Helical Defects Using a Superior Auricular Artery-Based Postauricular Chondrocutaneous Flap

Abstract

Background The helix is the most common localization of auricular defects. Various techniques have been successfully used for the reconstruction of helical defects. However, redistributing the remaining auricular tissue to supply an ideal reconstruction base provides the best possible esthetic outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a new design for a postauricular chondrocutaneous flap to reconstruct the 3-dimensional curve and the folded structures in full-thickness helical defects. Methods Nineteen patients with full-thickness helical defects were treated with the superior pedicle chondrocutaneous flap based on the superior auricular artery. The flap was designed on the postauricular area and comprised 3 sections, namely, deepithelialized, chondrocutaneous, and cutaneous sections (proximal to distal). Levels of patient's satisfaction on the final shape and auricular symmetry, and tissue compatibility between the flap and surrounding tissues were evaluated by the patients and objective observers. Results The overall dimensions, projections, and curved structures of the defective helix maintained a smooth and contiguous appearance without asymmetry, notching, or trap-door deformities. The color, texture, and thickness of the flaps matched well with the adjacent auricles, and there was a moderate positive correlation between patient (9.47 ± 0.51) and observer (8.68 ± 0.63) correlation scores (r = 0.7485). The vast majority of the patients were very satisfied with the surgical outcome, and there was a statistically significant improvement in patient satisfaction (mean preoperative score, 1.26 ± 0.45; mean 12-month score, 4.79 ± 0.42; P < 0.00001). Conclusions Reconstruction of full-thickness helical defects requires “like tissue” characteristics and 3-dimensional cartilage support to avoid depression and notch deformities. The postauricular chondrocutaneous flap based on the superior auricular artery was shown to preserve the helical curve and folded sulcus, retain the size and subunits of the auricle, and ensure a color, texture, and thickness match between the flap and the adjacent tissues.