Application of Antibiotic-Impregnated Polymethyl-Methacrylate Bone Cement for the Treatment of Infected Cranioplasties

Abstract

Background Management of infected cranioplasty implants remains a surgical challenge. Surgical debridement, removal of the infected implant, and prolonged antibiotic therapy are part of the acute management. In addition, cranioplasty removal poses the risk of dural tear. Reconstruction of the cranial defect is usually delayed for several months to years, increasing the difficulty due to soft tissue contraction and scarring. Objective The aim of the study was to propose an alternative to delayed reconstruction in the face of infection with a dual purpose: treat the infection with a material which delivers antibiotic to the area (polymethyl-methacrylate antibiotic) and which functions as a temporary or permanent cranioplasty. Methods We reviewed the records of 3 consecutive patients who underwent single-stage polymethyl-methacrylate antibiotic salvage cranioplasty. Results All patients underwent debridement of infected tissue. Titanium mesh was placed over the bony defect. Polymethyl methacrylate impregnated with vancomycin and tobramycin was then spread over the plate and defect before closure. Patients also received extended treatment with systemic antimicrobials. Early outcomes have been encouraging for both cosmesis and treatment of infection. Conclusions Benefits of this treatment strategy include immediate reconstruction rather than staged procedures and delivery of high concentrations of antibiotics directly to the affected area in addition to systemic antibiotics.