A study of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy and confirm the dose of once-daily bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF; B/F/TAF) during pregnancy. Design: An open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 1b study (NCT03960645) was conducted in 33 virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV-1. Methods: Participants received B/F/TAF (50/200/25 mg) from the second or third trimester through ∼16 weeks postpartum. Steady-state maternal plasma pharmacokinetic samples were collected at the second and third trimesters and 6 and 12 weeks postpartum for BIC, FTC, and TAF. Neonates (n = 29) were followed from birth to 4–8 weeks with sparse washout pharmacokinetic sampling for BIC and TAF. The proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml at delivery (missing = excluded) was evaluated. Results: Mean areas under the concentration–time curve over the dosing interval (AUCtau) for BIC, FTC, and TAF were lower during pregnancy versus postpartum but were closer to AUCtau values for nonpregnant adults with HIV reported in other studies. Geometric least-squares mean ratios for BIC, FTC, and TAF AUCtau during pregnancy versus postpartum ranged from 41 to 45%, 64 to 69% and 57 to 78%, respectively. Mean BIC trough concentrations during pregnancy were more than 6.5-fold greater than the protein-adjusted 95% effective concentration. In neonates, the median BIC half-life was 43 h. Virologic suppression was maintained in all adult participants throughout the study, with no virologic failure or treatment-emergent resistance to HIV-1, no discontinuations because of adverse events, and no perinatal transmission. Conclusion: Exposures to BIC, FTC, and TAF were lower during pregnancy than postpartum. However, mean BIC trough concentrations were maintained at levels indicative of efficacious exposure, and FTC/TAF data were concordant with published literature in this population. Pharmacokinetic and safety data, combined with maintenance of robust virologic suppression, suggest that once-daily B/F/TAF without dose adjustment is appropriate during pregnancy.