Borrmann Type IV Gastric Cancer: Computed Tomography Features and Corresponding Pathological Findings

Abstract

Objective We aimed to analyze the association between computed tomography (CT) features and the corresponding pathological findings in Borrmann type IV (BT-4) gastric cancers and explore the pathological basis of the characteristic CT features. Methods This retrospective study included 84 patients with BT-4 gastric cancers who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and surgical resection. Preoperative CT features were evaluated, including the major location, range, circumferential invasion, perigastric fat infiltration, enlarged lymph nodes, layered enhancement, degree of enhancement, and peak enhanced phase. Postoperative pathological findings were also recorded. Differences in CT features according to different World Health Organization types, surgical margin, adjacent organ invasion, and peritoneal status were assessed using the χ2 or Fisher exact test (n < 5). Results The most common World Health Organization type of BT-4 gastric cancer was poorly cohesive carcinoma (65.5%), which tended to show circumferential invasion, fewer enlarged lymph nodes, and layered enhancement. Although 82 patients with BT-4 gastric cancer (97.6%) had positive lymph nodes, only 26 (31.0%) had enlarged lymph nodes. Lesions originating from the gastroesophageal junction had a higher rate of positive margins (P < 0.05). Adjacent organ invasion was more likely to occur in lesions with perigastric fat infiltration (P < 0.05). Patients with circumferential invasion tended to show peritoneal metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusions The characteristic CT features of BT-4 gastric cancer may be attributed to the corresponding pathological findings. Recognizing the association between CT features and pathological findings may help evaluate the aggressiveness of BT-4 gastric cancers.