Hepatocytes reprogram liver macrophages involving control of TGF-β activation, influencing liver regeneration and injury

Author:

Wolf Stephanie D.1ORCID,Ehlting Christian1ORCID,Müller-Dott Sophia2ORCID,Poschmann Gereon3ORCID,Petzsch Patrick4ORCID,Lautwein Tobias4ORCID,Wang Sai5ORCID,Helm Barbara6ORCID,Schilling Marcel6ORCID,Saez-Rodriguez Julio2ORCID,Vucur Mihael1ORCID,Stühler Kai37,Köhrer Karl4ORCID,Tacke Frank8ORCID,Dooley Steven5ORCID,Klingmüller Ursula6ORCID,Luedde Tom1ORCID,Bode Johannes G.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine & Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

2. Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine & Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

3. Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

4. Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

5. Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

6. Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany

7. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

8. Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany

Abstract

Background: Macrophages play an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis and regeneration. However, it is not clear to what extent the different macrophage populations of the liver differ in terms of their activation state and which other liver cell populations may play a role in regulating the same. Methods: Reverse transcription PCR, flow cytometry, transcriptome, proteome, secretome, single cell analysis, and immunohistochemical methods were used to study changes in gene expression as well as the activation state of macrophages in vitro and in vivo under homeostatic conditions and after partial hepatectomy. Results: We show that F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi macrophages of the liver are recruited in a C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR2)–dependent manner and exhibit an activation state that differs substantially from that of the other liver macrophage populations, which can be distinguished on the basis of CD11b and CD14 expressions. Thereby, primary hepatocytes are capable of creating an environment in vitro that elicits the same specific activation state in bone marrow–derived macrophages as observed in F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi liver macrophages in vivo. Subsequent analyses, including studies in mice with a myeloid cell–specific deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor, suggest that the availability of activated TGF-β and its downregulation by a hepatocyte-conditioned milieu are critical. Reduction of TGF-βRII-mediated signal transduction in myeloid cells leads to upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and SIGLEC1 expression, a hallmark of the activation state of F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi macrophages, and enhances liver regeneration. Conclusions: The availability of activated TGF-β determines the activation state of specific macrophage populations in the liver, and the observed rapid transient activation of TGF-β may represent an important regulatory mechanism in the early phase of liver regeneration in this context.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Hepatology

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