Estimating the economic impact of comorbidities in patients with MASH and defining high-cost burden in patients with noncirrhotic MASH

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with high health care costs. This US study investigated the economic burden of MASH, particularly in patients without cirrhosis, and the impact of comorbidities on health care costs. Methods: This retrospective, observational study used data from patients diagnosed with MASH aged ≥18 years from October 2015 to March 2022 (IQVIA Ambulatory electronic medical record-US). Patients were stratified by the absence or presence of cirrhosis. Primary outcomes included baseline characteristics and annualized total health care cost after MASH diagnosis during follow-up. In addition, this study defined high costs for the MASH population and identified patient characteristics associated with increased health care costs among those without cirrhosis. Results: Overall, 16,919 patients (14,885 without cirrhosis and 2034 with cirrhosis) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of comorbidities was high in both groups; annual total health care costs were higher in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with a high-cost burden (threshold defined using the United States national estimated annual health care expenditure of $13,555) had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and were prescribed more cardiovascular medications. MASH diagnosis was associated with an increase in cost, largely driven by inpatient costs. In patients without cirrhosis, an increase in cost following MASH diagnosis was associated with the presence and burden of comorbidities and cardiovascular medication utilization. Conclusions: Comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, are associated with a higher cost burden and may be aggravated by MASH. Prioritization and active management may benefit patients without cirrhosis with these comorbidities. Clinical care should focus on preventing progression to cirrhosis and managing high-burden comorbidities.